Molecular Characterization of Mycobacteria Causing Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Gondar, North-West Ethiopia

Baye Gelaw , Natalie J. Garton , Abraham Aseffa , Michael Richard
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20372/ejhbs.v6i1.228
Submitted: 2021-07-28 07:27:21
Published: 2014-09-10

Background: In human infections, molecular epidemiological studies have suggested that certain Mycobacterium tuberculosis types can be especially prone to drug resistance acquisition or to global dissemination. Some related types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis also appear to be strongly associated with specific geographic locations. Other Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, such as the Beijing family are reported more pathogenic. Therefore, this study determined the dominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotype causing pulmonary tuberculosis in Gondar

Objectives: the aims of this study was to provide an initial and base-line data on the genetic biodiversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains causing pulmonary tuberculosis in Gondar.

Methods: Sputum samples were collected from 116 smear positive tuberculosis patients and decontaminated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC)/sodium hydroxide. DNA was purified at an elution volume of 100 µl using the QIAamp DNA Mini cube. DNA samples were subjected to 16S rDNA/RD750 real time PCR, RD9 multiplex PCR and spoligotype. For 16S rDNA/ RD750 assay, PCRs were carried out in 25 µl volumes containing 20 µl of PCR Master Mix and DNA standard was diluted to 107, 106, 105, 104, 103 and 102 M. tuberculosis genomic DNA genomes/µl. For RD9 PCR assay, eighteen µl of the PCR mix were aliquot into a PCR tubes and 2 µl of the DNA template added to the respective tubes and PCR run with the corresponding PCR program in the thermo cycler. The preparations were subjected to gel electrophoresis and image taken using a 12 bit imaging camera. Spoligotype was run by adding 5 µl of DNA and 20µl of the PCR mix followed by Hybridization in water bath at 42oc and 60oC.The autorad was developed by subjecting films to infrared light and striped using 1% SDS at 80oc. The orientation of the autorad was read first using controls and the SIT number of each Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex determined from the SITVIT database.

Results: The 16S rDNA assay result showed that 22 samples were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the RD750 real-time PCR assay showed that tubercle bacilli in 5 sputum samples were with intact RD750. Ninety-four of the one hundred sixteen samples were RD9 intact and the other 22 RD9 deleted. Seventy-two of the 94 Mycobacterium DNA extracts with RD9 intact showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis with different Shared International type numbers (SITs) of which, Mycobacterium tuberculosis SIT 25, Central Asian Strain variant 1 (CAS-1 variant), accounted for 30.6% (n=22). In this study, 15 new Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes all with intact RD9 (MTb SIT NEW) were also observed. 

Conclusion: This study showed diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes causing pulmonary tuberculosis in Gondar. The new Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes observed in the study area was different from the recently reported Woldiya lineage that suggests the existence of new Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in the locality. Therefore, we suggest that large scale community based studies are required to determine the prevalence of this new Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes around Gondar and the neighboring areas. The disease causing ability or virulence of these new Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes need to be determined by future works.

 

Keywords

Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD9 Spoligotype Central Asian Strain variant 1

Authors

Baye Gelaw

Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, the University of Gondar, Ethiopia, P.O.box 196, Tel: + 251-09-18-70-37-23. tedybayegelaw@gmail.com

Natalie J. Garton

Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, the University of Leicester, Medical Sciences Building. P.O.Box 138, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN. njg17@le.ac.uk and mrb19@le.ac.uk

Abraham Aseffa

AHRI, JIMMA Road, ALERT compound, Addis Ababa, Tel: +251 113 211334/+251911247525 Fax: +251 113211563, aseffaa@gmail.com.

 

Michael Richard

Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, the University of Leicester, Medical Sciences Building. P.O.Box 138, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN. njg17@le.ac.uk and mrb19@le.ac.uk

How to Cite

Baye Gelaw, Natalie J. Garton, Abraham Aseffa, Michael Richard (2014-09-10). Molecular Characterization of Mycobacteria Causing Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Gondar, North-West Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2014), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.20372/ejhbs.v6i1.228

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Copyright © 2014 The Author(s)

Copyright & Licensing © Year The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) , which permits unrestricted use; sharing (copying and redistributing the material in any medium or format); and adaptation (remixing, transforming, and building upon the material for any purpose), provided the original author(s) and the source are properly cited/credited and a link to the license is provided. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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